190E-AND2-DB25C-KN現(xiàn)貨
功能表圖(Sepuential Function Chart)程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言
功能表圖程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言是用功能表圖來(lái)描述程序的一種程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言。它是近年來(lái)發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言。采用功能表圖的描述,控制系統(tǒng)被分為若干個(gè)子系統(tǒng),從功能入手,使系統(tǒng)的操作具有明確的含義,便于設(shè)計(jì)人員和操作人員設(shè)計(jì)思想的溝通,便于程序的分工設(shè)計(jì)和檢查調(diào)試。
功能表圖程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言的特點(diǎn)是:
?。ǎ保┮怨δ転橹骶€,條理清楚,便于對(duì)程序操作的理解和溝通;
(2)對(duì)大型的程序,可分工設(shè)計(jì),采用較為靈活的程序結(jié)構(gòu),可節(jié)省程序設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間和調(diào)試時(shí)間;
(3)常用于系統(tǒng)的規(guī)模校大,程序關(guān)系較復(fù)雜的場(chǎng)合;
?。ǎ矗┲挥性诨顒?dòng)步的命令和操作被執(zhí)行,對(duì)活動(dòng)步后的轉(zhuǎn)換進(jìn)行掃描,因此,整個(gè)程序的掃描時(shí)間較其他程序編制的程序掃描時(shí)間要大大縮短。
功能表圖來(lái)源于佩特利(Petri)網(wǎng),由于它具有圖形表達(dá)方式,能較簡(jiǎn)單和清楚地描述并發(fā)系統(tǒng)和復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)的所有現(xiàn)象,并能對(duì)系統(tǒng)中存有的象死鎖、不等反?,F(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析和建模,在模型的基礎(chǔ)上能直接編程,所以,得到了文泛的應(yīng)用。近幾年推出的可編程控制器和小型集散控制系統(tǒng)中也已提供了采用功能表圖描述語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行編程的軟件。關(guān)于佩特利(Petri)網(wǎng)的一些基本概念,我在以后有機(jī)會(huì)時(shí)再介紹給各位,以有助于對(duì)功能表圖的進(jìn)一步理解。
對(duì)市場(chǎng)而言,西門(mén)子系列plc一直在中國(guó)占主導(dǎo)地位,占有率更是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了三菱和歐姆龍,雖然羅克韋爾的plc在近幾年市場(chǎng)占有率上升得很快,但是暫時(shí)還是不能撼動(dòng)西門(mén)子在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的霸主地位?!?】據(jù)市場(chǎng)反映,西門(mén)子plc具有抗干擾能力強(qiáng),穩(wěn)定性高,通訊能力好,軟件編程方便,組態(tài)軟件連接容易等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但普遍缺點(diǎn)是價(jià)格比較貴,所以按照全plc的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)來(lái)看,西門(mén)子plc的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)應(yīng)該是體積進(jìn)一步減少,成本進(jìn)一步降低來(lái)適應(yīng)工廠空間和市場(chǎng)需求?!?】【13】
對(duì)大多數(shù)控制器來(lái)說(shuō),系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部有自帶的算法,如常見(jiàn)的PID算法,只要設(shè)置好參數(shù)就能實(shí)現(xiàn)一般的PID控制器功能。這樣大大提高了生產(chǎn)效率和設(shè)備成本。
二.
人機(jī)界面(Human Machine Interaction,簡(jiǎn)稱HMI),又稱用戶界面或使用者界面,是人與計(jì)算機(jī)之間傳遞、交換信息的媒介和對(duì)話接口,是計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。是系統(tǒng)和用戶之間進(jìn)行交互和信息交換的媒介,它實(shí)現(xiàn)信息的內(nèi)部形式與人類(lèi)可以接受形式之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。凡參與人機(jī)信息交流的領(lǐng)域都存在著人機(jī)界面?!?】
傳統(tǒng)的工廠監(jiān)控用的是人力來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)哪一部分出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題然后著手解決,這樣的話控制系統(tǒng)每一部分都要安排一部分人每天不停監(jiān)控,測(cè)量設(shè)備內(nèi)部是否出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題,這樣大大浪費(fèi)了人力資源和時(shí)間而且必須是系統(tǒng)出了問(wèn)題才能檢測(cè)得到,這樣對(duì)工廠的生產(chǎn)有巨大的影響。
為了解決這樣的問(wèn)題人機(jī)界面軟件應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,人機(jī)界面能通過(guò)變量連接在線檢測(cè)變量的變化趨勢(shì)而描繪出變量變化趨勢(shì)圖,人們只需要在監(jiān)控室里面監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)變量的變化趨勢(shì)是否觸及報(bào)警線而提前對(duì)系統(tǒng)故障進(jìn)行應(yīng)對(duì)。而且人機(jī)界面具有在線監(jiān)控,故障報(bào)警,數(shù)據(jù)歸檔等功能對(duì)過(guò)程變量的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ),對(duì)往后控
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